strategies to address important challenges of interest for the citrus industry, such as generating citrus types resistant to emerging diseases. Development of new varieties with increased phytochemical content that meet the current needs of the citrus industry.

Research The Comparative Genomics and Metagenomics Lab at CBGP (Madrid, Spain) develops bioinformatic methods to decipher what makes each organism and microbial ecosystem unique. In particular, we use phylogenomic techniques to study processes such as gene sub/neo-functionalization, duplication, horizontal transfer, domain conservation and orthology detection. At the metagenomic scale, we are interested in the functional characterization of microbial communities as a whole, aiming at the identification of functional modules associated with environmental or host conditions.

Our group studies the origin and consequences of phenotypic variability. Phenotypic variability is a phenomenon by which genetically identical organisms or cells, in the same environment, behave differently. This phenomenon is very important in pathological situations such as cancer. A consequence of this variability is heterogeneity in the response of tumor cells to therapies.

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We study biodiversity all biological levels and spatial and temporal scales, with a special focus on mountain ecosystems and the impact of global change. We investigate the mechanisms of diversification of populations and species using genetic and phenotypic data, and community variability along elevational gradients, using long series and inventories of biodiversity data, both in the Cantabrian Mountains and in other European or extra-European mountain regions.

We are interested in understanding how species proliferate and change over time. We use molecular tools and fieldwork approaches to investigate evolutionary and ecological patterns and processes at both the individual and population level. Much of this work is focused on island birds (using extinct and extant taxa) where I investigate the causes and consequences of adaptive (and non-adaptive) genetic variation to understand the mechanisms driving avian radiations.

Our research focus on understanding the eco-evolutionary effects of environmental variability in the life-histories of ectothermic vertebrates, examining the impacts of both natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions. The EECEV group brings together research on evolutionary, behavioural, epidemiological and ecophysiological processes in amphibians and other ectothermic vertebrates, a group strongly affected by global change drivers.

We are a group of scientists that use ecological studies to advance knowledge required for the sustainable management of natural resources. We work with several study systems, but have a particular interest in the ecology and behavior of particular species (e.g. the Cantabrian brown bear (Ursus arctos) and the white-winged snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis nivalis) and systems (e.g.

We study biodiversity and its effects on ecosystems from the perspective of spatial and landscape ecology, with both theoretical and applied focus. We analyze the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions across different temporal and spatial scales, considering functional traits, ecological interactions, and landscape dynamics. Our applied research is focused on nature conservation and human well-being in human-disturbed ecosystems.